Phantom type for bcrypt
Modulepassword-3.0.4.0Haskell2010
Data.Password.Bcrypt
bcrypt
The bcrypt algorithm is a popular way of hashing passwords.
It is based on the Blowfish cipher and fairly straightfoward
in its usage. It has a cost parameter that, when increased,
slows down the hashing speed.
It is a straightforward and easy way to get decent protection on passwords, it has also been around long enough to be battle-tested and generally considered to provide a good amount of security.
Other algorithms
bcrypt, together with PBKDF2, are only computationally intensive.
And to protect from specialized hardware, new algorithms have been
developed that are also resource intensive, like Scrypt and
Argon2. Not having high resource demands, means an attacker with
specialized software could take less time to brute-force a password,
though with the default cost (10) and a decently long password,
the amount of time to brute-force would still be significant.
This is the algorithm to use if you're not sure about your needs, but just want a decent, proven way to encrypt your passwords.
Properties of a bcrypt hash
The hashes generated by this library are always prefixed by the "$2b$" version prefix.
This library will accept hashes with the "$2b$", "$2y$" and "$2a$" versions. As the "$2$" and "$2x$" versions were created with flawed algorithms.
A bcrypt hash generated by this library is _ALWAYS_ 60 characters long.
Now while the very first version of bcrypt would have hashes that were 59 characters long,
because of the 1 character-long "$2$" version prefix, bcrypt has had a version increase shortly
after release, turning the prefix into a 2 character-long one like "$2a$" pretty
much from the very beginning.
- 5 types
- 9 values
- Packagepassword-3.0.4.0
- Exports14
- LanguageHaskell2010
- LicenceBSD-3-Clause
- SourceBcrypt.hs
Algorithm
1 declarationPlain-text Password
2 declarationsA plain-text password.
This represents a plain-text password that has NOT been hashed.
You should be careful with Password. Make sure not to write it to logs or store it in a database.
You can construct a Password by using the mkPassword function or as literal
strings together with the OverloadedStrings pragma (or manually, by using
fromString on a String). Alternatively, you could also use some of the
instances in the password-instances
library.
Construct a Password
Hash Passwords (bcrypt)
2 declarationsHash the Password using the bcrypt hash algorithm.
N.B.: bcrypt has a limit of 72 bytes as input, so anything longer than that
will be cut off at the 72 byte point and thus any password that is 72 bytes
or longer will match as long as the first 72 bytes are the same.
hashPassword $ mkPassword "foobar"PasswordHash {unPasswordHash = "$2b$10$..."}
A hashed password.
This represents a password that has been put through a hashing function. The hashed password can be stored in a database.
Constructors
Instances4Eq, Ord, Read, Show
Eq (PasswordHash a)Defined in password-types-1.0.0.0 · Data.Password.TypesOrd (PasswordHash a)Defined in password-types-1.0.0.0 · Data.Password.TypesRead (PasswordHash a)Defined in password-types-1.0.0.0 · Data.Password.TypesShow (PasswordHash a)Defined in password-types-1.0.0.0 · Data.Password.Types
Verify Passwords (bcrypt)
2 declarationsCheck a Password against a PasswordHash Bcrypt.
Returns PasswordCheckSuccess on success.
let pass = mkPassword "foobar"passHash <- hashPassword passcheckPassword pass passHashPasswordCheckSuccess
Returns PasswordCheckFail if an incorrect Password or PasswordHash Bcrypt is used.
let badpass = mkPassword "incorrect-password"checkPassword badpass passHashPasswordCheckFail
This should always fail if an incorrect password is given.
\(Blind badpass) -> let correctPasswordHash = hashPasswordWithSalt 8 salt "foobar" in checkPassword badpass correctPasswordHash == PasswordCheckFailThe result of checking a password against a hashed version. This is
returned by the checkPassword functions.
Constructors
PasswordCheckSuccessThe password check was successful. The plain-text password matches the hashed password.
PasswordCheckFailThe password check failed. The plain-text password does not match the hashed password.
Instances3Eq, Read, Show
Eq PasswordCheckDefined in password-3.0.4.0 · Data.Password.InternalRead PasswordCheckDefined in password-3.0.4.0 · Data.Password.InternalShow PasswordCheckDefined in password-3.0.4.0 · Data.Password.Internal
Hashing Manually (bcrypt)
3 declarationshashPasswordWithParams :: MonadIO m=> IntThe cost parameter. Should be between 4 and 31 (inclusive). Values which lie outside this range will be adjusted accordingly.
-> PasswordThe password to be hashed.
-> m (PasswordHash Bcrypt)The bcrypt hash in standard format.
Hash a password using the bcrypt algorithm with the given cost.
The higher the cost, the longer hashPassword and checkPassword will take to run, thus increasing the security, but taking longer and taking up more resources. The optimal cost for generic user logins would be one that would take between 0.05 - 0.5 seconds to check on the machine that will run it.
N.B.: It is advised to use hashPassword if you're unsure about the implications that changing the cost brings with it.
Default parameters for the Bcrypt algorithm.
defaultParams10
Extracts the cost parameter as an Int from a PasswordHash Bcrypt
let pass = mkPassword "foobar"passHash <- hashPassword passextractParams passHash == Just 10True
Hashing with salt (DISADVISED)
Hashing with a set Salt is almost never what you want to do. Use hashPassword or hashPasswordWithParams to have automatic generation of randomized salts.
hashPasswordWithSalt :: IntThe cost parameter. Should be between 4 and 31 (inclusive). Values which lie outside this range will be adjusted accordingly.
-> Salt BcryptThe salt. MUST be 16 bytes in length or an error will be raised.
-> PasswordThe password to be hashed.
-> PasswordHash BcryptThe bcrypt hash in standard format.
Hash a password with the given cost and also with the given Salt instead of generating a random salt. Using hashPasswordWithSalt is strongly disadvised, and hashPasswordWithParams should be used instead. Never use a static salt in production applications!
N.B.: The salt HAS to be 16 bytes or this function will throw an error!
let salt = Salt "abcdefghijklmnop"hashPasswordWithSalt 10 salt (mkPassword "foobar")PasswordHash {unPasswordHash = "$2b$10$WUHhXETkX0fnYkrqZU3ta.N8Utt4U77kW4RVbchzgvBvBBEEdCD/u"}
(Note that we use an explicit Salt in the example above. This is so that the example is reproducible, but in general you should use hashPassword. hashPassword (and hashPasswordWithParams) generates a new Salt everytime it is called.)
Generate a random 16-byte bcrypt salt
A salt used by a hashing algorithm.
Constructors
Unsafe debugging function to show a Password
1 declarationThis is an unsafe function that shows a password in plain-text.
unsafeShowPassword ("foobar" :: Password)"foobar"
You should generally not use this function in production settings, as you don't want to accidentally print a password anywhere, like logs, network responses, database entries, etc.
This will mostly be used by other libraries to handle the actual password internally, though it is conceivable that, even in a production setting, a password might have to be handled in an unsafe manner at some point.
Setup for doctests.
0 declarations:set -XFlexibleInstances:set -XOverloadedStrings
Import needed libraries.
import Data.Password.Typesimport Data.ByteString (pack)import Test.QuickCheck (Arbitrary(arbitrary), Blind(Blind), vector)import Test.QuickCheck.Instances.Text ()
instance Arbitrary (Salt a) where arbitrary = Salt . pack <$> vector 16instance Arbitrary Password where arbitrary = fmap mkPassword arbitrarylet salt = Salt "abcdefghijklmnop"