asProxyTypeOf is a type-restricted version of const. It is usually used as an infix operator, and its typing forces its first argument (which is usually overloaded) to have the same type as the tag of the second.
import GHC.Internal.Word:type asProxyTypeOf 123 (Proxy :: Proxy Word8)asProxyTypeOf 123 (Proxy :: Proxy Word8) :: Word8
Note the lower-case proxy in the definition. This allows any type
constructor with just one argument to be passed to the function, for example
we could also write
import GHC.Internal.Word:type asProxyTypeOf 123 (Just (undefined :: Word8))asProxyTypeOf 123 (Just (undefined :: Word8)) :: Word8